黄色三级不卡在线观看-日本免费视频中文字幕-久久精品一区二区三区91-丝袜视频日本成人午夜视频-少妇的玉足让我爽翻天-亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合-在线免费亚洲精品视频-九九精品在线一区区-欧美日韩一区二区三区内射

學歷改變命運
24小時客服:4008135555/010-82335555
當前位置:首頁> 英語(一) > 09年自考英語(一)課堂筆記(unit23)

09年自考英語(一)課堂筆記(unit23)

2009年06月12日    來源: 自考365論壇   字體:   打印
成績查詢

  Text A    non-verbal connunication

  本課主要單詞

  1.non-verbal adj.   wordless, without involving the use of language (非詞語的,非語言的)

  non-是一個常用前綴,通常加在形容詞,名詞或副詞前,表示“非”,“無”,“不是”,“不重要的”,“無價值的”。如nonbeliever (無信仰的人)

  nonsmoker (不抽煙的人),nonstop (不停的,直達的), nonviolence(非暴力的),

  nondegree (非學位的),nonbook (無真實價值的書)

  1)Gesture is a form of non-verbal expression. (手勢是一種非語言的表達方式。)

  2)Professor Wang is going to give us a lecture on non-verbal communication. (王教授將給我們做關于非語言交際問題的講座。)

  3)You will have a better idea of it after you read the verbal instructions.(看了文字說明你就會對此有更深的了解。)

  2.oral adj. 口頭的

  1)He gave us an oral report after inspecting the factory. (視察了那家工廠后,他給我們作了口頭匯報。)

  2)They will have an oral English test tomorrow afternoon. (明天下午他們將有一個英語口試。)

  3)He broke the oral thermometer and had to buy a new one. (他摔壞了口腔溫度計,不得不去買個新的。)

  3.approval n.

  agreement to an idea, plan, decision, etc.(贊成,同意);

  a formal statement that sth. is acceptable (認可批準)

  -al是一個名詞后綴,用在動詞后面構成名詞,表示“動作”,“過程”。如:

  arrive——arrival  deny——denial  refuse——refusal

  survive——survival  try——trial  withdraw——withdraw 等等

  我們以前也學習過-al做形容詞后綴,如:brutal 的),mortal (致命的),racial (種族的),social (社會的)等等

  1)He nodded his approval when we informed him of our plan. (當我們把計劃告訴他時,他點頭表示同意。)

  2)His proposal won the approval of many people. (他的建議贏得了許多人的支持。)

  3)My idea is unlikely to meet with the approval of my parents. (我的想法不可能得到我父母的認可。)

  4)This project has the approval of the National Treasury. (這個項目得到了國家財政部的批準。)

  5)She didn't conceal her disapproval of what we had done. (她毫不掩蓋自己對我們所為的不贊成。)

  6)The colonel looked at the soldier with disapproval. (上校以非難的目光看著那個士兵。)

  7)His marriage was not approved by his family. (他的家人不贊同他的婚姻。)

  8)My boss approved of my attending the conference. (老板同意我出席會議。)

  本句中的approve作不及物動詞用,后面接of + (動)名詞,不接復合賓語。

  4.frown n. v. 皺眉;不滿

  1)He gave me a frown of disapproval. (他向我做了個不贊成的表情。)

  2)She frowned at her mother when she was asked to do some housework.(要她做點家務事時,她朝母親皺眉頭。)

  3)Critics frowned on/upon the idea. (評論家對這種意見表示不贊同。)

  5.reaction n. 反應;對抗

  在前一單元中,我們學習了動詞react, reaction是react的名詞形式。無論用動詞還是名詞,當表示“對…作出反應”時,后面要用介詞to.如:

  1)How did he react to the news? (他對此消息如何反應?)

  2)What was their reaction to your proposal? (他們對你的建議有何反應?)

  3)I am not sure how he will react to such a straightforward answer. (我吃不準他會對如此直率的回答作出什么反應。)

  4)What was the audience's reaction to his speech? (聽眾對他的發(fā)言有何反應?)

  6.embarrass v. 使窘迫,使為難;麻煩,妨礙

  1)She was embarrassed by her husband's drunken behavior. (她丈夫的酒后舉止使她難堪。)

  2)It embarrasses me even to think about it. (我連想想這件事都覺得不好意思。)

  3)We didn't want to embarrass him in any way. (我們一點也不想使他為難。)

  4)We found him embarrassed with debts. (我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經負債累累。)

  7.staff n. 全體職工、參謀部     v. 為…配備工作人員

  1)The company has got a staff of more than 800. (這家公司有800多名職工。)

  2)The editorial staff of a newspaper demanded pay increases. (一家報紙的全體編輯人員要求增加工資。)

  3)He served as a chief of staff in the army. (他在部隊做參謀長。)

  4)The labs are staffed with two engineers. (實驗室里配備了兩名工程師。)

  5)We must staff the center with men with a formal training. (我們必須為中心配備受過正規(guī)訓練的人員。)

  在第七單元中我們學過stuff這個詞,并把staff和stuff做過比較,再請看幾個例句,注意stuff的意思和用法。

  1)The secretary has to get all the stuff ready before the meeting starts.(會議開始前秘書得把所有的東西準備好。)

  2)——Do you want some jelly? (你想來點果子凍嗎?)

  ——No, I hate the stuff. (不,我討厭那東西。)

  3)The buses are always stuffed with passengers during the rush hours.(上下班高峰時間,公共汽車上總是擠滿了乘客。)

  4)He really wanted to stuff his ears with cotton-wool when his mother rattled on. (母親喋喋不休時,他真想用棉托把耳朵堵上。)

  8.gesture n. 姿勢,手勢;(外交等方面的)姿態(tài)   v. 做手勢

  1)He gestured to me to sit down. (他示意我坐下。)

  2)She gestured with her head towards the closed door. (她用頭朝緊閉的門示意了一下。)

  3)The old man gestured me to his study. (老人示意我去他的書房。)

  4)He raised his hands in a gesture of despair. (他舉起雙手以示絕望。)

  5)What he has done is just a political gesture to draw popular support. (他所做的只是爭取民眾支持的一種政治姿態(tài)。)

  9.proximity n. 接近,親近,近似

  這個詞用得很正式,意思相當于closeness.如:

  1)Much of the town's attractiveness lies in its proximity to Niagara Falls.(這座城市吸引人的地方主要在于它離尼亞加拉瀑布很近。)

  2)I have grown accustomed to the continual proximity of the animals. (我已習慣總有動物在我附近。)

  3)be in close proximity to (非常接近于)

  4)in the proximity of (在…附近)

  5)proximity of blood (近親)

  6)proximity effect (鄰近效應)

  7)proximity talks (近距離間接會談)

  10.cultural adj. 文化的

  在講第三個單詞approval時,我們提到-al可以做名詞后綴用,也可以做形容詞后綴用。在cultural這個單詞中-al做形容詞后綴用。

  1)Cultural differences caused a lot of misunderstandings. (文化方面的差異造成了許多誤解。)

  2)These peoples have different cultural traditions. (這些民族有著不同的文化傳統(tǒng)。)

  3)This city is often referred to as a cultural desert. (這個城市常被稱為文化沙漠。)

  11.invasion n. 入侵,侵略

  這個單詞的動詞形式是invade.In是個前綴,意思是 “into”,vade是個詞根,意思是 “to go”。

  -sion是個常用的名詞后綴,加在動詞后面構成名詞。如:

  decide——decision (決定)  pervade——pervasion (彌漫)

  evade——evasion (逃避)

  1)Japan launched an invasion into China. (日本入侵中國。)

  2)This is an evasion of individual privacy. (這是對個人隱私的干預。)

  3)What you are doing now will undoubtedly invade the rights of others. (你現(xiàn)在的所為無疑將侵犯他人的權利。)

  4)No one would allow his family privacy to be invaded. (誰也不會允許自己的家庭私生活受到侵擾。)

  12.fiddle n. 小提琴  v. 拉提琴;不停撥弄;閑蕩

  在口語中人們常用fiddle來表示演奏民間音樂的小提琴。請看幾個例句,注意fiddle的意思。

  1)In his eyes father plays first fiddle in the family. (在他看來父親在家里居首要地位。)

  2)His face was as long as a fiddle when his request was refused. (他的要求遭到拒絕時他拉長了臉。)

  3)Don't worry about him. He is as fit as a fiddle. (別為他擔心,他非常健康。)

  再請看fiddle做動詞用時的意思:

  1)He sat nervously fiddling with his spectacles. (他坐在那兒緊張地撥弄他的眼鏡。)

  2)He didn't like anyone to fiddle with his bicycle. (他不喜歡任何亂動他的自行車。)

  3)Don't fiddle about, go and help your mum with the housework. (別再閑蕩了,去幫媽媽做家務。)

  4)Father was angry because Tom fiddled away the whole day. (父親很生氣,因為湯姆浪費了整整一天的時間。)

  13.wriggle v. / n. 蠕動,扭動,蜿蜒

  英語中以wr開首的單詞,w通常不發(fā)音,如write (寫),wrap (包扎),wrestle (摔跤),wretched (痛苦的),wring (擰),wrinkle (皺紋),wrong (錯誤的)

  1)The child wriggled out of his mother's arms. (那孩子扭動著掙脫了母親的懷抱。)

  2)A snake wriggled across the road. (一條蛇蜿蜒游過公路。)

  3)He got through the hole with a wriggle. (他扭動著身子從洞口鉆了出去。)

  14.confess v. 承認;坦白,供認

  1)He confessed his crime in the face of the evidence. (在證據(jù)面前,他認罪了。)

  2)He confessed hating his present job. (他承認他恨目前的工作。)

  3)I have to confess that I didn't understand what she said. (我不得不承認我沒聽懂她說的話。)

  4)He confessed to being a drug addict. (他承認自己有毒癮。)

  5)The student refused to confess to having cheated on the exam. (那個學生拒絕承認考試作弊。)

  從以上的例句中我們可以看出confess可以作及物動詞用,也可作不及物動詞用。作及物動詞用時,confess的后面可以接名詞、動名詞和賓語從句等。作不及物動詞用時,confess的后面要接介詞to,其用法同于admit to sth/doing sth

  15.intense adj. 強烈的,緊張的;熱烈的

  1)Because of the intense heat, I slept very little last night. (由于天氣酷熱,我昨夜沒怎么睡。)

  2)The intense light dazzled my eyes. (強光使我目眩。)

  3)He has intense interest in computer. (他對計算機有極大的興趣。)

  4)Diplomatic activity has been intense recently. (近來外交活動緊張頻繁。)

  16.brief adj. 簡短的,簡潔的  v. 作簡要的介紹,匯報

  1)He will go to England for a brief visit. (他將去英國進行短期訪問。)

  2)She only made a brief statement at the meeting. (她在會上只作了簡短的陳述。)

  3)They briefed the press about the recent happenings. (他們向報界通報更近發(fā)生的事情。)

  4)They had been well briefed about the political situation. (對政治形勢他們已被簡要告知。)

  17.volume n. 卷冊,書卷;體積;音量

  1)The community has a library of 12,000 volumes. (這個社區(qū)有一個藏書12,000的圖書館。)

  2)The passenger volume this May was not as big last May. (今天五月的客流量沒有去年的大。)

  3)Turn down the volume please. The baby is sleeping. (寶寶在睡覺,請把音量調低。)

  本課簡介

  談到人與人之間的交流方式,人們會很自然地想到語言(口頭語言或書面語言),而另一種人們在無意識之中常常運用的交流方式(非語言交際或稱肢體語言)也正受到越來越多的關注和研究。

  一般的歐洲人會對自己所贊同的東西以微笑和點頭的方式表示贊許,對自己所不贊同的東西則皺眉和搖頭。不用說一句話,人們就可以此來表明自己的態(tài)度。肢體語言與文化是密切相關的,比如中國人的微笑不一定表示贊許,倒可能是出于不安。

  肢體語言可被分為五類:1)身體姿勢和臉部表情 2)目光交流 3)肢體距離 4)服裝和外貌 5)語言特性。關于第三點,不同的文化有不同的反映。在某些文化中,人們在交談時緊挨在一起是很自然的事,而在其他中,如美國,這樣做則是不甚妥當?shù)摹?/p>

  有些信號對所有的人來說都很熟悉。比如一個正跟你交談的人不停地擺弄鉛筆或眼鏡,這就表明他很緊張。一個用手捂著嘴巴講話的人則缺少自信。如果你坐在椅子里扭動身體,悄悄看手表,用手掩著嘴巴打哈欠,這就表明你感到倦了。

  某些信號可以人為地控制,但眼神不易控制。如果不是想表達心中摯愛,請別長時間地盯著別人的眼睛看,那樣會令人尷尬。

  本課語言點

  1.That isn't a catch question.

  catch多用作動詞,意思是“抓住;趕上;感染到;著(火);領會”。如:

  1)The thief was caught by the police on the scene. (小偷被警察當場抓住。)

  2)He didn't catch the last train. (他沒趕上末班火車。)

  3)He caught a bad cold last week. (他上周得了重傷風。)

  1)The building caught fire and many people were trapped in it. (大樓著了火,許多人被困在里面。)

  2)Sorry, I didn't quite catch you. (對不起,我沒聽清你的話。)

  在本課文的這個句子中,catch用作名詞,意思是a hidden problem,difficulty,or obstacle in sth. (難人的問題,詭計)。如:

  1)There is a catch in it. (這里面有蹊蹺。)

  2)Don't worry. There are no catch questions in the paper. (別擔心,試卷里沒有怪題。)

  3)He was taken surprise by the catch question. (那個怪題使他詫異。)

  Unit23(第68講-第70講)

  2.It would almost certainly refer to means of communication that involve the use of words.

  在第四單元中我們已經學過refer to (提到,涉及)這個短語。再請看幾個例句。

  1)In his speech he referred to the difficulties they had overcome. (在發(fā)言中,他提到了他們所克服的困難。)

  2)What he said at the meeting doesn't refer to you. (他在會上所說的不是指你。)

  在第二單元和第二十二單元中,我們已學過動詞involve和名詞involvement,再請看下面的例句,

  注意involve在本課文中的意思和用法。

  1)If I were you,I wouldn't get myself involved in this problem. (如果我是你,我不會讓自己卷進這個問題中。)

  2)She didn't want to be involved in trouble. (她不想卷入糾紛。)

  以上兩例句中,involve都是“卷入,陷入,牽涉”的意思。

  3)To accept the job would involve my living in London. (若接受這份工作,我必須得住在倫敦。)

  4)Building this road will involve the construction of some tunnels. (造這條路包括建造一些隧洞。)

  在例句3)和4)中,involve的意思是“必須包括某種結果”。在involve后面必須用名詞或者動名詞。

  3.NVC for short.

  這是一個省略句,補充完整應該是Non-verbal communication is called NVC for short.

  (非語言交際被簡稱為/縮寫為NVC.)

  for short是個常用短語,意思是“簡稱;縮寫”。如:

  1)Unidentified flying object is called UFO for short. (不明飛行物被簡稱為UFO)

  2)People's Republic of China is ften written as P.R.C. for short. (中華人民共和國常被縮寫為P.R.C.)

  4.…the average European will smile and nod approval.

  在第三單元中我們已經學過average這個詞。average可以做形容詞、名詞和動詞用。如:

  1)The average driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.(司機一般都認為事故只發(fā)生在其他人身人。)

  2)We averaged 70 miles an hour. (我們平均每小時行70公里。)

  3)His performance is above the average. (他的成績在一般水平之上。)

  在本課文的這個句子中,average做形容詞用,意思是“普通的”。

  nod可以用作及物動詞、不及物動詞和名詞。如:

  1)They nodded agreement. (他們點頭表示同意。)

  2)He nodded me a welcome when I went in. (我進去時,他向我點頭表示歡迎。)

  3)I nodded to him in greeting. (我向他點頭打招呼。)

  4)Father nodded in approval when he listened. (父親聽著時點頭表示贊同。)

  5)Homer sometimes nods. (智者千慮,必有一失。)

  6)He didn't give our plan the nod. (他沒有同意我們的計劃。)

  5.…because body language is very much tied to culture…

  本句中的be tied to sth.意思是be related to, have to do with (與…有關),如:

  1)Many diseases are tied to smoking. (許多疾病與吸煙有關。)

  2)The misunderstanding was tied to cultural differences. (這個誤會與文化差異有關。)

  be tied to 也可以表示be restricted by (受…約束),如:

  1)She was tied to housework and wouldn't be able to come. (她被家務事束縛,無法前來。)

  2)If you have small children, you will be tied to your home. (如果你有小孩子,你就會被束縛在家了。)

  6.Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC, which is obviously important, for instance, to managers, who have to deal every day with their staff, and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions.

  本句中,which引導非限定性定語從句,修飾NVC;who引導的也是非限定性定語從句,修飾managers;what引導的是賓語從句,做understand的賓語。

  一般說來,用which引導非限定性定語從句,修飾表物的先地詞;用who引導的非限定性定語從句則修飾表人的先行詞;也可用關系 副詞where或when引導非限定性定語從句。非限定性定語從句常用逗號與主句分開,而且引導從句的關系代詞which,that和關系副詞 where, when不能省略。

  1)I want to buy the house, which has a garden. (我想買那座房子,它有一個花園。)

  2)The students, who wanted to go out on a picnic, were disappointed when it rained.(學生們想出去野餐,天下雨了大家都感到失望。)

  3)The football match will be put off till next week, when we can get everything ready.(足球賽將推遲到下周,那時我們能把一切準備就緒。)

  4)The place, where we stayed, has changed so much. (那個地方我們住過,那兒的變化很大。)

  deal with的意思是“對付,打交道”。如:

  1)He is not easy to deal with. (他不容易打交道。)

  2)I don't know how to deal with this situation. (我不知道如何應付這種局面。)

  7.I expect you understand all those, except perhaps “proximity”。 動詞expect通常有如下用法:

  1)except + 賓語(名詞或代詞)

  I am expecting a letter. (我在等信。)

  The teacher is expecting you. (老師在等你。)

  2)expect +(賓語)+ 動詞不定式

  I expect to be back next week. (我預計下周回來。)

  I didn't expect him to come so early. (我沒料到他會來得這么早。)

  3)expect + that從句

  He didn't expect that the work could be so difficult. (他沒料到這工作會如此艱難。)

  They expected that the war would end soon.(他們期望戰(zhàn)爭早日結束。)

  在本課文的句子中,except后面跟的是省略了that的賓語從句。

  8.A person who holds a hand over his mouth when he is talking is signaling that he is lacking in confidence.

  在第十六單元中我們學過lack這個詞。lack可以用作動詞或名詞,lacking用作形容詞。lack和lacking用法如下:

  1)lack用作名詞:(for) lack of (因)缺乏

  He showed a complete lack of confidence. (他顯得毫無信心。)

  The case was dismissed for lack of evidence. (因缺乏證據(jù),那個案子被駁回了。)

  2)lack用作及物動詞:lack sth

  Your article lacks concert example. (你的文章缺少具體的例子。)

  She lacks patience in dealing with children. (與孩子打交道她缺少耐心。)

  3)lacking用作形容詞:be lacking in sth.

  Philip was not lacking in ability. (菲力普并不缺少能力。)

  His reception of us was lacking in warmth.(他對我們的接待缺少熱情。)

  9.These are both pretty obvious signals.

  通常pretty用作形容詞,而在本句中pretty作副詞用。如:

  1)She was happy to live in the pretty valley. (住在美麗的山谷里她很開心。)

  2)The pretty little girl brought much delight to her family. (那個漂亮的小姑娘給全家?guī)砹四蟮目鞓贰#?/p>

  3)I will be back pretty soon. (我不久就回來。)

  4)She felt pretty tired. (她感到相當累。)

  5)I am pretty certain the performance will be a success. (我相當有把握演出會成功。)

  10.In fact, non-verbal communication car, as the saying goes, speak volumes.

  as the saying goes意思是“正如成語所說,俗話說”。在本句中,as the saying goes做插入語。

  speak volumes意思是“很有意義;含義很深;充分說明”。如:

  1)The one photograph speaks volumes. (這一張照片就很有意義。)

  2)The look on her face spoke volumes.她的臉色意味深長。)

  3)Her silence spoke volumes for her attitude. (她的沉默清楚地表明了她的態(tài)度。)

  本課主要詞組

  1.means of

  2.involve sth/doing sth

  3.refer to

  4.agree with

  5.communicate sth. to sb.

  6.tie to / be tied to

  7.in order to

  8.be categorized into

  9.be common to

  10.fiddle with

  11.be lacking in

  12.start doing sth.

  13.and so on

  14.in fact

  15.give off

  16.look away

  17.in embarrassment

  18.for short

  19.as the saying goes

  20. speak volumes

  Text B    body talk

  短語表達

  1.talk a liking to

  He couldn't understand why the boss suddenly took a liking to him.

  2.chances are that…

  Chances are that he will not be able to get the job.

  3.anything… but

  It is not anything you say but something you do that counts.

  4.devote to

  Father asked him to devote his attention to his study.

  5.apart from

  Apart from this consideration, there is no other reason why we should not go.

  6.be involved in

  He was not involved in the scandal.

  7.tend to

  He tends to get irritated if you press him for an answer.

  8.be aware of

  He is not aware of the mistake he has made.

  9.according to

  You have to do according to what he said.

  10.complain of

  The moment he got in, he began to complain of the weather.

  11.let alone

  He wouldn't hesitate to die for her, let alone give her some help.

  12.be hostile to

  No knows why he is so hostile to his brother.

  13.impress sb. with sth.

  He impressed us with his sincerity.

  14.take note of

  He didn't take note of the weather forecast and was caught in a heavy rain.

  15.go on

  I didn't know anything about what was going on outside.

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425
新人有禮