09年自考英語(一)課堂筆記(unit13)
Text A Imsurance
本課主要單詞
1.insurance n. 保險(xiǎn);保險(xiǎn)金
fire ( car,health,casualty ) insurance 火(汽車,健康,傷亡事故)險(xiǎn)
sell life insurance 兜攬人壽保險(xiǎn)生意
insurance policy 保險(xiǎn)契約,保險(xiǎn)單
insurance company 保險(xiǎn)公司
insurance agent 保險(xiǎn)代理人
1)You will have to show your driving license and car insurance certificate.(你得出示你的駕駛證和汽車保險(xiǎn)證明。)
2)The holiday cost 50 pounds plus insurance and airport taxes.(這次度假的代價(jià)是50英鎊,另加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和機(jī)場稅。)
動詞insure和assure都可以指“給…保險(xiǎn)”。如:
1)He insured his house against fire.(他給自己的房屋保了火險(xiǎn)。)
2)The insurance company refused to insure him again after all his car accidents.(他的汽車出了那么多事故以后,保險(xiǎn)公司不愿再給他保險(xiǎn)了。)
3)He assured his life with this company. (他向這家公司保了人壽險(xiǎn)。)
assure還可以指“向…保證”,“使確信”。如:
1)She assured me that she would come earlier. (她向我保證她會早點(diǎn)來。)
2)I can assure you of the quality. (它的質(zhì)量我可以向你保證。)
在美國英語中,insure可以表示“保證,確保”。如:
We must try to insure peace around the world. (我們必須確保世界和平。)
而另一個(gè)動詞ensure常在正式用法中取代insure,表示“保證,擔(dān)保”,這個(gè)動詞還有“保證給予”的意思。如:
1)His diligence will ensure his success.(他的勤勞將保證他取得成功。)
2)I'm sorry I cannot ensure you a better job. (很報(bào)歉,我不能保證給你一個(gè)更好的工作。)
2.coverage n. 覆蓋;承保范圍;新聞報(bào)道范圍
在前一個(gè)單元中,我們學(xué)了動詞cover,意思是“涉及”,當(dāng)然,除了“涉及”以外,cover還有其他的意思,如:
1)Dust covered the desk. (書桌上蒙上了灰塵。)
2)The floods covered the town. (洪水淹沒了城鎮(zhèn)。)
3)They covered 140 miles in two hours. (他們兩小時(shí)行了140英里。)
4)Some reporters have been sent to cover the conference. (已經(jīng)派了幾名記者去采訪會議情況。)
5)One hundred dollars hardly covers two nights at a good hotel. (100美元幾乎不夠付好點(diǎn)旅館兩夜的房錢。)
Coverage則做名詞用,如:
1)This radio station has great coverage.(這個(gè)無線電的覆蓋范圍很廣。)
2)Can you recommend me an insurance policy with extensive coverage?(你能給我推薦一個(gè)承保范圍廣泛的保險(xiǎn)嗎?)
3)They had an excellent coverage on African situation. (他們對非洲形勢作了出色的報(bào)道。)
3.consumer n. 消費(fèi)者;顧客
producers and consumers 生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者
consumer rights 消費(fèi)者權(quán)益
a consumer guide 消費(fèi)者指南
1)These machines were enormous consumers of electricity. (這些機(jī)器耗電量很大。)
2)The change in policy will affect all gas consumers. (政策的變化會影響所有的油料消費(fèi)者。)
consume作動詞用,意思是“消耗,花費(fèi)”。如:
1)He consumed much of his time in watching TV.(他花許多時(shí)間看電視。)
2)Do you know how much oil the Americans consume daily?(你知道美國人每天的耗油是多少?)
3)He consumed all his energy.(他耗盡了所有的精力。)
4.policy n. 方針,政策;保險(xiǎn)單
policies on education 教育方針
personnel policy 人事政策
economic and foreign policy 經(jīng)濟(jì)和外交政策
policy maker 決策人
policy holder 投保人
1)The policy of reform and opening to the outside world has brought about great changes to China.(改革開放政策給中國帶來了巨大的變化。)
2)This service is free to policy holders. (這項(xiàng)服務(wù)對投保人免費(fèi)。)
5.sum n. 總數(shù),金額 v. 共計(jì);總結(jié)
1)The expenses came to an enormous sum.(開支總數(shù)巨大。)
2)He paid a large sum of money for the house.(他出了一大筆錢買這所房子。)
3)The boys, in sum, did a good job. (總之,男孩子們干得不錯(cuò)。)
4)At the and of the discussion, he summed up, and added a few points.(討論快結(jié)束時(shí),他作了總結(jié)并補(bǔ)充了幾點(diǎn)。)
5)I cannot sum up his opinion in one sentence. (我無法用一句話來概括他的觀點(diǎn)。)
6.adequate adj. 充足的,充分的;勝任的
1)His income is adequate to support his family.(他的收入足以維持他一家的生活。)
2)What should be done to assure adequate supplies of water? (應(yīng)該怎樣來保證足夠的水供應(yīng)?)
3)I think he is adequate to the job.(我認(rèn)為他勝任這工作。)
4)He gave us an adequate description of the situation. (他對形勢作了恰當(dāng)?shù)拿枋觥#?/p>
7.major a. 主要的 n. 專業(yè),專業(yè)學(xué)生 v. 主修,專攻
1)It is not a major problem.(這不是個(gè)大問題。)
2)She had a major operation last month.(她上個(gè)月初了次大手術(shù)。)
3)He is a physics major, but he is interested in journalism. (他是物理專業(yè)學(xué)生,但他卻對新聞越興趣。)
4)Biology is his major.(生物是他的專業(yè)。)
5)My brother majors in traditional Chinese medicine. (我弟弟主修中醫(yī)。)
6)She majors in early education. (她專攻早期教育。)
與major意思相反的詞是minor.如:
1)Don't worry about it, it is only a minor problem.(別擔(dān)心,這只是個(gè)小問題。)
2)History is his major, and English is his minor.(他主修歷史,副修英語。)
major和minor的名詞形式是在其后加-ity.
8.remind v. 提醒,使想起;使發(fā)生聯(lián)想
1)Please remind me, if I forget to give you the key. (如果我忘記給你鑰匙,請?zhí)嵝盐摇#?/p>
2)Remind him to put the book on the shelf when he is done with it. (他看完書后提醒他把書放在書架上。)
3)We had to remind him that he had a meeting at 10:00. (我們不得不提醒他十點(diǎn)鐘有個(gè)會。)
4)Is it necessary to remind him about the party? (有必要提醒他不要忘記赴宴嗎?)
5)The picture reminds me of my childhood in the countryside. (這張照片使我聯(lián)想起在農(nóng)村度過的童年。)
9.possibility n. 可能性;可能的事
Possibility是possible的名詞形式,英語中有不少以-ible,-able為字尾的形容詞,表示“有能力”,“易做”,“適合”,“足以做…”的意思,而這些形容詞的名詞通常以如下形式出現(xiàn):
possible——possibility responsible——responsibility
probable——probability available——availability
able——abilityfeasible——feasibility
1)We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.(我們必須接受這種可能性,即我們也許錯(cuò)了。)
2)I am not sure if we have the possibility of success.(我不能肯定我們是否有成功的可能。)
3)It is a possibility that he will get the job. (他有可能得到那份工作。)
10.injury n. 損害,傷害
1)Building workers risk injury by not wearing helmets.(建筑工人不戴安全帽便有受傷的危險(xiǎn)。)
2)He did not suffer any injuries in the accident. (他在事故中沒有任何損傷。)
3)The man got an injury to the head in the fight.(在打斗中那個(gè)人頭部受傷。)
injure是injury的動詞形式,請注意區(qū)別damage,wound,hurt和injure這幾個(gè) 詞。Damage指損害某物。wound指人在戰(zhàn)斗,攻擊中身體受傷,出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口。Hurt,injure指人在平時(shí)或事故中受傷,還表示傷害感情自 尊等。hurt更表示有強(qiáng)烈的疼痛感。如:
1)The boat was seriously damaged in the storm. (那條船在風(fēng)暴中嚴(yán)重受損。)
2)The soldier was badly wounded. (那個(gè)士兵受了重傷。)
3)He injured his leg in an accident. (在一次事故中,他的腿受了傷。)
4)I fell off my bicycle and hart my arm. (我從自行車上摔下來,摔傷了胳膊。)
5)I didn't mean to hart your feelings. (我本無意傷害你的感情。)
11.complex adj. 復(fù)雜的 n. 綜合體;情緒;夸大的情緒反應(yīng)
1)What he said was too complex for me to understand. (他說的太復(fù)雜了,我不理解。)
2)This is a complex problem. (這是個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題。)
3)There will be an industrial complex in our province. (我們省將有一個(gè)大工業(yè)中心。)
4)He has a complex about bugs. (他對小蟲子有病態(tài)恐懼。)
12.professional adj. 職業(yè)的,專業(yè)的 n. 自由職業(yè)者,專業(yè)人員
1)We need to have some professional advice. (我們需要職業(yè)性的指導(dǎo)。)
2)He is a professional basketball player. (他是職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動員。)
3)The band consists of a professional and three amateurs. (這支樂隊(duì)由一名職業(yè)樂師和三名業(yè)余人員組成。)
4)He is a professional at his job. (他是一個(gè)精通本職工作的人。)
profession 名詞,意思是“職業(yè)”。如:
1)He decided on teaching as his profession. (他決定從事教書工作。)
2)He is a carpenter by profession. (他以木工為業(yè)。)
What's your father’s profession? (你父親是從事什么工作的?)
13.ignorance n. 無知,愚昧;不知
1)Some animals have been wiped out through ignorance. (有些動物由于人們的無知而滅絕了。)
2)It might be better to keep her in ignorance of what has happened. (不讓她知道發(fā)生了什么事也許更好。)
ignorant是形容詞,意思是“無知的,沒有學(xué)識;不知道的”。如:
1)She was ignorant about these people. (她對這些人全然不了解。)
2)His parents were kept ignorant of the fact that he failed in the exam.(關(guān)于他考試又不及格這件事他父母還蒙在鼓里。)
3)How can you believe such an ignorant person?(你怎能相信這樣一個(gè)無知的人?)
14.opposite adj. 對面的;相反的 n. 對立面
1)He lives in the house opposite to ours. (他住在我們對面的那所房子里。)
2)She burst into the room through the opposite door. (她從對面的那扇門沖進(jìn)房間。)
3)The result was opposite to what we had expected. (結(jié)果和我們所期望的相反。)
4)You are active, she is the opposite. (你很活潑,她正相反。)
5)Our view is the opposite of yours. (我們的意見與你們的相反。)
6)He sat opposite to her. (他坐在她對面。)
7)There was an explosion opposite. (對面發(fā)生了爆炸。)
Unit13(第38講-第40講)
15.effective adj. 有效果的,有成效的
1)We have to take effective measures to control pollution. (我們得采取有效措施控制污染。)
2)I hope the medicine can be effective. (我希望這藥有效。)
本課簡介
態(tài)度友善、衣著得體、熱切助人的保險(xiǎn)代理人的來電或造訪常令美國人不安,甚至戒備,這是為什么呢?本文作者列舉了美國人不愿談?wù)摫?險(xiǎn)的三個(gè)原因。其一是保險(xiǎn)昂貴,各類保險(xiǎn)成了大多數(shù)美國家庭的一大花費(fèi);其二是保險(xiǎn)總令人想到自己生活于其中的世界充滿了不安全因素。人們得面對疾病、傷 害、死亡、經(jīng)濟(jì)損失等種種不幸;其三是保險(xiǎn)是一個(gè)困難而復(fù)雜的問題,能完全弄明白這個(gè)問題的人少而又少,掩飾無知的方式是避免談?wù)摗H欢@正是由于上述 三個(gè)原因,人們有必要對保險(xiǎn)問題多多了解,才能成為明智的消費(fèi)者,才能理智地正視保險(xiǎn)問題,才能避免成為“保險(xiǎn)盲”。
本課主要語言點(diǎn)
1. Yet few Americans really enjoy visiting with these eager, helpful men and women.
在前一單元中,我們已講到過few 通常否定,意思是“很少的,幾乎沒有的”,本句中的few 同樣表示否定意味。
動詞enjoy 的后面跟名詞或者動名詞,不能跟動詞不定式,如:
1)He enjoys classical music. (他喜歡古典音樂。)
2)She enjoys going to concerts. (她喜歡赴音樂會。)
3)Painting is something that Mary really enjoys doing. (畫畫是瑪麗真正喜歡做的事。)
visit with 是美國用法,意思是“訪問;在…處做客、逗留”,如:
1)She will come and visit with you for a few weeks. (她會來你這兒做客住上幾個(gè)星期的。)
2)He hasn't visited with his uncle since 1990. (他從1990年至今沒有拜訪過他叔叔。)
eager 是一個(gè)形容詞,通常用于詞組 be eager to do sth.
1)They are eager to get the information. (他們急切地想得到那信息。)
2)The little boy was eager to tell his parents that he won the first prize.(那個(gè)小男孩急切地想告訴父母他得了一等獎。)
2.We are on guard when they visit our homes.
guard 這個(gè)詞既可做名詞用,也可做動詞用。做名詞用時(shí),意思是“看守;守衛(wèi);警惕;”做動詞用時(shí),意思是“保衛(wèi),保護(hù);看守。”
1)He works as a door guard for that company. (他在那家公司做門警。)
2)They will give him an armed guard. (他們會給他配備一隊(duì)武裝衛(wèi)兵。)
3)I was immediately on guard when father mentioned that incident. (父親提起那件事,我就立刻提防起來。)
4)Police were sent to guard his house. (警察被派去守衛(wèi)他的房子。)
5)She had been locked in her room and guarded day and night. (她被鎖在房間里日夜看守著。)
6)The old man told his son to guard against conceit. (那位老人囑咐他的兒子謹(jǐn)防驕傲。)
3.Three reasons why we are unwilling to discuss insurance can be suggested.
本句的主要成份是:Three reasons can be suggested. Why引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾reasons.如:
1)The reason why she refused my help is unknown. (沒人知道她拒絕我的幫助的原因。)
2)The room where Mary used to live has been painted blue. (瑪麗曾經(jīng)住過的那個(gè)房間已被漆成了藍(lán)色。)
3)The day when John came was cold. (約翰來的那天很冷。)
4. In effect, they pay as much for the insurance as they do for the car itself.
in effect 意思是“實(shí)質(zhì)上;實(shí)際上”,如:
1)They have in effect been severely punished. (他們實(shí)際上已受到嚴(yán)厲懲罰。)
2)In effect, she has no choice. (實(shí)際上她沒有選擇。)
3)What in effect I'm saying is that he couldn’t keep his promise. (我實(shí)質(zhì)上要說的是,他不可能信守諾言。)
請注意pay和spend兩個(gè)動詞的用法:
1)He paid 100 yuan for that used bicycle. (他出100元買那輛舊自行車。)
2)He spent 100 yuan on that used bike.
5. Insurance also reminds us that we live in an unsafe world.
在詞匯部分,我們已講過remind這個(gè)詞的詞意及用法,再鞏固一下:
remind sb. of sth.
1)I remind him of his promise. (我提醒他許下的諾言。)
2)Her smile reminds me of her mother.(她的微笑使我想起了她的母親。)
remind sb. about sth.
1)Don't forget to remind him about the meeting. (別忘記提醒他開會的事。)
2)He called to remind me about the return ticket. (他打來電話提醒我回程票的事。)
remind sb. to do sth.
1)Remind me to turn off the computer. (提醒我關(guān)電腦。)
2)Mother reminded him to air the quilt when it is fine. (母親提醒他天氣好時(shí)曬曬被子。)
remind + 從句
1)I was reminded how his attitude had changed. (我注意到他的態(tài)度改變了。)
2)Remind his that he has to go to the parents' meeting. (提醒他去參加家長會。)
6.…in our hearts we hope that we might be spared.
spare做形容詞用時(shí),意思是“多余的;空閑的;儉樸的”。如:
1)In his spare time he wrote some short stories. (他用余暇寫了一些短篇故事。)
2)Sorry, I don't have any spare cash. Can I write a check? (對不起,我沒有多余的現(xiàn)錢,我可以開支票嗎?)
3)He is keen on this spare lifestyle. (他喜歡這種儉樸的生活。)
在本句中,spare用作動詞,意思是“饒恕;使免遭”。如:
1)He begged them to spare his life. (他求他們饒他一命。)
2)You may spare yourself the trouble. (你不必找此麻煩。)
3)Call him and spare yourself a visit. (給他打個(gè)電話,省得你自己跑一趟。)
spare 也可以表示“抽出時(shí)間;出讓”。如:
1)Can you spare me 5 minutes? (你能抽出5分鐘時(shí)間給我嗎?)
Spare me 50 yuan and I will return the money on payday. (借給我50元錢,發(fā)工資那天我就還你。)
7. …We would rather talk about football or the weather or what we had for lunch.
在world rather 后面應(yīng)用動詞的原形形式。如:
1)I would rather stay at home. (我寧愿呆在家里。)
2)He would rather go and play football than go to the cinema. (他寧愿去踢足球,而不愿去看電影。)
3)I would rather you didn't tell me the truth. (我寧愿你沒告訴我真話。)
在第三句中,would rather 后面跟的是從句,從句中的動詞用虛擬語氣形式。
what we had for lunch意思是“午飯吃了什么”。如:
1)What did you have for breakfast? (你早飯吃了什么?)
2)I had nothing but a cup of coffee for breakfast. (早飯我只喝了一杯咖啡。)
8.Neither should we depend entirely on the agent when we buy insurance.
當(dāng)否定詞放在句首時(shí),句子通常用倒裝。如:
1)Never in my life have I seen such a beautiful place. (我一生中從沒見過這么美麗的地方。)
2)Tom doesn't like pop music. Neither does his wife. (湯姆不喜歡流行音樂,他妻子也不喜歡。)
3)In no case will he give up the experiment. (無論如何他都不會放棄那個(gè)試驗(yàn)。)
4)Not only was he a teacher, but also a poet. (他不僅是一位教師,還是一位詩人。)
9.It is better that we plan for these situations by finding means to deal with them than to just hope that they will somehow go away.
plan 一般可用作及物動詞,而本句中的動詞plan 作不及物動詞用。
1)We will plan our weekend at noon. (中午時(shí)我們將安排周末的活動。)
2)I planned to go and meet him at the station. (我打算去車站接他。)
3)We should plan for our future. (我們應(yīng)該籌劃未來。)
deal with意思是“處理,對付;論述”
1)This is a book dealing with the skills of reading, writing and speaking. (這是一本論述讀、寫、說技能的書。)
2)The man is difficult to deal with. (那人很難打交道。)
3)There will be a lot of difficulties to be dealt with when you start your own business.(你開始自己做生意時(shí)會有許多困難要克服。)
10.Quite the opposite
本句的意思是“恰巧相反”,有時(shí)我們也可以用just the opposite.如:
They are very excited. I am quite the opposite. (他們很興奮,我則恰好相反。)
本課主要詞組
1. be interested in 2. be eager to
3. be of help 4. visit with
5. be on guard 6. at best
7. be unwilling to 8. first of all
9. a sum of 10. pay for
11. in effect 12. remind…of
13. would rather 14. depend on
15. look…in the face 16. plan for
17. deal with 18. go away
19. neither…nor
Text B What is money and what are its functions?
短語表達(dá)
1. be familiar with
I am not familiar with the book he mentioned in his lecture.
2. throughout
He never stopped learning throughout his life.
We want to make this place known throughout the world.
3. a number of
A number of ways have been suggested to control air pollution.
A number of students have applied for this part-time job.
4. rule out
The regulations rule out anyone under the age of 16.
The possibility of suicide has been ruled out.
Heavy rain ruled the match out for that day.
5. search for
The police are still searching for survivors of the plane crash.
They are searching the wood for the lost child.
6. worth
This bike is worth 250 yuan.
I don't think a two-day vacation is worth much.
7. respond to
How did he respond to what you said?
8. rather than
He is a writer rather than a teacher.
Rather than cause trouble, he left.
9. in terms of
She was asked to express her idea in terms of science.
We usually measure the value of material goods in terms of money.
10. be conscious of
I was not conscious of what was happening.
He was not conscious of his mistake.
11. convert to
Water can be converted to electricity.
He wanted to convert the US dollars to RMB.
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