本文是由自考365網(wǎng)校整理的成人學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考試語法大全：被動語態(tài)，供廣大考生參考學(xué)習(xí)。

（I）被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱，數(shù)，時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+V（p.p）人們利用電能運轉(zhuǎn)機器。

People use electricity to run machines. Electricity is used to run machines.

Is electricity used to run machines? Yes, it is . / No, it isn't.

2.一般過去時was/were + V（p.p）昨天我們在山坡上種了許多樹。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.

3.一般將來時will/shall +be+V（p.p）下星期我們將舉行一場運動會。A sports meeting will be held next week.

4.過去將來時should/would +be+V（p.p） 他告訴我們?nèi)藗儗⒃谒亦l(xiāng)建一個大水壩。We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.

5.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are +being+V（p.p）. 他正在油漆房子。He is painting the house. A house is being painted. Is the house being painted? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't .

6.過去進行時was/were +being+V（p.p）當(dāng)我進廚房時，她正在做蛋糕。A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen.

7.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has +been+V（p.p）他已經(jīng)結(jié)束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished.

8.過去完成時had +been+V（p.p） 到上個月為止，他們已經(jīng)把這本書翻譯成了英語。The book had been translated into English by the end of last month.

9.將來完成時will have +been+V（p.p）. 2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year.

注：

1. 含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)時，用“情態(tài)動詞+be+V（p.p）”構(gòu)成。如：The machine must be operated with care.

2.含有"be going to"，"be to"等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語，變成被動語態(tài)時，分別用"be going to +be +V（p.p）"和“be to +be+V（p.p）”。如： The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.

（II）由動詞短語形成的被動語態(tài)： 一般情況下，只有及物動詞才能跟賓語，而不及物動詞不能跟賓語，所以只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞則沒有被動語態(tài)。但有些不及物動詞后面跟上介詞或副詞后，變成一個動詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，就可以形成被動語態(tài)。

約翰打開了收音機。John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on.

奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister is taken care of by Grandma.

注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。

難點釋疑：

主動形式表被動意義。在下列情況中，謂語形式是主動的，但具有被動的含義。

The food tastes delicious.這種食物嘗起來很可口。

The idea sounds good.這個主意聽起來不錯。

The apples sell well.這些蘋果很好賣。

The clothes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。

一些固定句型表示被動含義。

a. be worth doing sth The film is well worth seeing.這部電影很值得一看。

b. have/ get sb/sth done have作使役動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，但可用這種結(jié)構(gòu)表被動或使役。I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。

c. sth need/want/require doing=sth need /want/require to be done The room needs cleaning.=The room needs to be cleaned.這間房屋需要打掃。

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